Intermodality (Multimodal Transportation)

Definition

Intermodal transportation refers to the process of transporting goods using two or more different modes of transportation in a coordinated and seamless manner. This is commonly referred to as "Multimodal Transport." According to the United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods, international multimodal transport is defined as the carriage of goods using at least two different modes of transportation under a single contract.

Key Elements

• Multimodal transport operator
• Consignor (shipper)
• Contractual and actual carriers
• Consignee (receiver)
• Multimodal transport contract
• Transport documents (e.g., bills of lading)

Characteristics

• Conducted under a single contract, involving at least two different transportation modes in succession.
• Primarily utilizes containerized cargo, leveraging the features of container transport.
• Operates under a single freight rate, with one contract, one payment, and one insurance covering the entire journey.
• Organized entirely by the multimodal transport operator, who assumes full responsibility for the entire transportation process.

Operational Procedures

1. Acceptance of Shipment and Contract Signing

The operator evaluates the shipper's application based on the transportation route. Once agreed, both parties finalize the terms. The operator issues a station receipt to confirm acceptance, initiating the contract.

2. Container Allocation and Transport

Containers are provided by the operator, sourced through ownership, leasing, or subcontracting from segment carriers. Shippers may arrange self-packing or delegate this to the operator for seamless transportation.

3. Export Customs Clearance

Depending on the starting point, customs clearance occurs at the port or an inland customs facility. This can be handled by the shipper or entrusted to the operator.

4. Cargo Packing and Receipt

Shippers can pack cargo independently or delegate to the operator. For consolidated cargo, the operator coordinates packing at a designated freight station.

5. Booking and Transport Arrangement

The operator develops a transportation plan, coordinating with carriers and arranging transport contracts for each segment.

6. Insurance

Shippers must insure goods, either directly or via the operator. The operator insures liability and container coverage.

7. Issuance of Multimodal Bill of Lading

Upon receiving cargo, the operator issues a multimodal bill of lading to the shipper. The operator is responsible for organizing and completing the entire transportation process.

8. Customs Operations During Transport

Customs procedures, including transit and clearance, are managed by the operator or their agents, ensuring compliance across international borders.

9. Cargo Delivery

Upon arrival, the consignee retrieves cargo using the bill of lading, settles outstanding fees, and completes the contract.

10. Handling Transportation Incidents

In case of cargo loss, damage, or delay, claims are directed to the operator based on the contract and agreed terms. Disputes are resolved via arbitration or litigation within the statute of limitations.

Strategic Tools and References

• World Seaports Map: Multimodal Transport Operators reference a world seaports map to design optimal shipping routes, avoiding congested or high-cost ports.
• CBM to KG Conversion: For air freight or space-based pricing, calculating volume-to-weight using a cbm to kg tool is essential.
• Shipment Consolidation: Used to combine small loads from various clients into one full container, reducing overall freight costs.
• Digital Freight Calculators: Tools like air freight CBM calculator and cargo loading calculators help in budget forecasting and route planning.

Why Choose Multimodal Transport?

Multimodal shipping is ideal for businesses that require a global, cost-efficient, and reliable solution for moving goods. It reduces complexity, enhances shipment visibility, and limits liability to a single party.

It also supports specialized logistics needs, such as heavy lift shipping, dangerous goods handling (like lithium battery packaging), and trade compliance through digital certification platforms like SABER certification. For companies working with international clients, it’s a strategic advantage to reduce transit time, avoid fragmented coordination, and lower customs delays.

Conclusion

Choosing the right logistics model can determine the efficiency and reliability of your global supply chain. With a dedicated and experienced team managing every step of your cargo's journey, CargoesPi ensures seamless operations from origin to destination—no matter how complex the route.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the main advantage of using intermodal or multimodal transport?

   The key advantage lies in its ability to streamline the shipping process through a single contract and operator. This reduces administrative complexity, minimizes delays, and allows better control over the entire supply chain.

2. How does the multimodal transport operator manage different transportation modes?

   The operator coordinates with multiple service providers—such as trucking companies, shipping lines, and rail carriers—under one central plan. They handle contracts, bookings, tracking, customs clearance, and delivery while assuming full responsibility.

3. Is multimodal transport suitable for small businesses or only for large-scale shipments?

   Multimodal transport is ideal for both. Even small shipments can be grouped with others using consolidation strategies, allowing smaller businesses to benefit from international shipping without needing to book full containers.

4. What kind of cargo can be moved using this method?

   It accommodates a wide range of cargo types, including palletized goods, containers, machinery, perishables, and even hazardous materials—depending on the operator’s capabilities and international regulations.